Foreign trade doubled in September
Seyed Ruhollah Latifi, customs spokesman, stated: The total non-oil trade of the country in export and import procedures in the sixth month of 1400 in terms of weight was 19 million 841 thousand tons worth 10 billion 635 million dollars, the share of exports in this month (31 days), 14 million and 522 thousand tons worth 4 billion and 145 million dollars, which compared to the country’s exports in September 1999 in terms of weight by 75% and in terms of value by 56%.
He added: the country’s exports in September compared to August this year was accompanied by a growth of 103 percent in weight and 25 percent in value.
Regarding the destinations of Iranian goods in September, Latifi said: Turkey with 5,839,000 tons worth 1,202 million dollars with a growth of 1,512 percent in weight and 553 percent in value compared to last month and a growth of 1,420 percent In weight and 696 percent in value compared to September last year was ranked first. After Turkey, Iraq with 1,863,000 tons of goods worth $ 677 million with a growth of 30% in weight and 19% in value compared to September 1999 and a growth of 72% in weight and 86% in the value of Iranian exports compared to August is in the second place.
He continued: China, which in the past months was in the first rank of Iran’s export destinations in September with 2 million 509 thousand tons worth 668 million dollars, our country’s exports to China in September increased by 11% in weight and It has had a one percent decrease in value compared to September 1400, but compared to August of this year, it has decreased by 3 percent in weight and 56 percent in value. The UAE came in fourth with 807,000 tonnes of goods worth $ 331 million, down 33 percent in weight and 12 percent in value from September 1999, up 115 percent in weight and 16 percent in value from the previous month, and Afghanistan With 351 thousand tons of goods purchased from Iran worth 144 million dollars in September this year compared to September last year has decreased by 50% in weight and 39% in value and compared to the previous month by 3% in weight and 13% in value increase We witnessed.
The best way to export to Iraq
The highest amount of exports was from Khosravi, Mehran, west of Tehran, Bashmaq, Kermanshah and Piranshahr customs. Basra, Iraq is the closest export market to Iran and its distance to Abadan is 20 km, which facilitates exports to Iraq near the border between Basra and Iran.
This has given rise to the issue of food supply in the Iraqi market and is one of the important advantages of Iran’s exports to Iraq.
One of the conditions for exporting goods to Iraq is to have Latin and Arabic labels on the goods. Given that the regulatory, disciplinary and judicial system in Iraq is weak, it is better to receive the transaction money either in cash or in the form of letters of credit.
The most important communication system with Iraqi businessmen is via email, and all correspondence, brochures and catalogs must be in Arabic.
The best goods for export to Iraq
Tiles, white cement, home water coolers, chemicals, tomato paste, household appliances and cleaning, fresh watermelon, sweets, onions, shallots, live animals, various vegetable and animal oils, beverages, mineral products , Chemical products, products and plastics, leather, leather, bags, wood, textiles and building stones are on the list of export goods, which have been exported from Iran to this country.
The main exporters to Iraq are Turkey, China, Iran, the United States and South Korea, respectively. It should be noted that Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Jordan are among Iran’s competitors in trade with Iraq.
Exports to Iraq increased by 31%
“In the first five months of this year, compared to the same period last year, Iraq’s imports increased by 430 percent in value and exports from Iraq grew by 31 percent,” Customs spokesman Seyed Ruhollah Latif was quoted as saying by Iranian customs. Iraq has been the second largest buyer of Iranian goods in recent years. Unfortunately, last year, due to the outbreak of the corona, several borders with this country were closed for months, and like many other countries, our trade decreased last year.
He added: “Fortunately, in the first five months of this year, with the ineffective effects of the corona on foreign trade, the country’s foreign trade trend has been growing, and this has been effective for Iraq as our second export partner.” Our country’s exports to Iraq by the end of August, more than 12 million and 24 thousand tons worth three billion and 163 million and 343 thousand and 248 dollars, which compared to the first five months of last year, in terms of weight growth of 53% and in terms of We saw a value of 31% growth.
Regarding imports from Iraq, the customs spokesman said: “In the first 5 months of this year, 313,612 tons of goods worth 175,989,687 dollars were imported from Iraq, which is 970% by weight compared to the same period last year.” In terms of value, we saw 430% growth.
General rules
Merchants and Commercial Transactions
Article 1 – A trader is a person who engages in ordinary business activities.
Article 2 – Commercial transactions are as follows:
1- Purchasing or acquiring any kind of movable property with the intention of selling or renting it, whether it has been seized.
2- Holding and transporting by land or water or air in any way.
3. Any type of brokerage operation or commission (commission) or agent, as well as the undertaking of any kind of facilities that are created to do certain things, such as facilitating real estate transactions or finding staff or preparing and delivering supplies, etc.
4 – Establishment and operation of any part of the factory provided that it is not to meet personal needs.
5- Holding auction operations
6- Holding a public exhibition.
7- Any kind of exchange and banking operations
8- Transactions, whether between traders or non-traders.
9- Marine and non-marine insurance operations.
10 – Shipbuilding and the purchase and sale of domestic and foreign ships and sailing and related transactions.
Article 3 – The following transactions are considered commercial due to the merchant being a trader or one of them –
1- All transactions between merchants and businessmen and money changers and banks.
2. All transactions that the trader or non-trader makes for his business needs.
3. All transactions made by the components or crew or apprentice of the trader for the business affairs of his master.
4 – All transactions of commercial companies.
Article 4 – Real estate transactions are not considered commercial in any way.
Article 5 – All transactions are considered commercial business, unless it is proved that the transaction is not related to commercial affairs.
Export goods packaging
In many businesses, designing the packaging of export goods is a very important process, and in exporting a product, many factors must be considered in this regard.
Fortunately, today’s businesses can choose from a multitude of solutions; You can choose the type of export packaging that meets all the necessary standards and is easy to access.
In this article, we want to tell you some points about the packaging of export goods.
Purpose of packaging export goods
Packaging is an essential component of any export product, not only on safety but also on costs; Communication even affects the marketing of products.
It can be said that the exporter is always responsible for the packaging of export goods and must ensure that this packaging can not be damaged in international travel.
If the packaging is damaged on the way to the destination and the company responsible for transporting the goods proves that the shipment did not lead to this failure, then the seller (exporter) will be responsible for any damage.
What is rail transportation?
Rail transport means the movement of goods from one point to another by train. In rail transport, people or other vehicles can be easily moved, and freight trains are usually used to transport vehicles, and passenger trains are used for humans. It is interesting to know that the security of this type of transportation is more than all other available methods such as road, sea and air transportation and a good volume of cargo can be moved in this way. Rail transportation is very cost-effective for governments and plays a very important role in reducing transportation costs.
Many goods and shipments can be moved by rail. Therefore, many industries use this method to transfer their load. Usually, agricultural industries, stone and mining industries, petrochemical industries, construction structures industries, etc. have the most use of rail transportation. The benefits of using this mode of transportation for the government include rehabilitation of the social sector of the society, job creation and increase of economic productivity.
What is road transport?
Comparing rail and road transport is a relatively simple task, and most of the differences and similarities can be easily stated. Road transport is another way of transporting cargo, which is often done by truck or trailer. To do this, you can simply go to a freight organization and complete the delivery process and specify the time. Road transport has advantages and disadvantages, the most important of which are the volume of cargo and costs.
Keep in mind that the cost of cargo depends on the volume, and you can increase or decrease the cost depending on your cargo and the car you choose to transport the cargo. Trucks are commonly used to transport cargo, and trucks use freeways or roads that take your cargo directly to your destination. The cargo transported by road is very different, including plaster, soil, stone, food, and animals.
Ship classification condition
Any type of vessel, seagoing or ocean-going vessel with a metal hull and actuating force, which has been approved in terms of classification by one of the members or affiliates of the International Association of Classification Institutions (IACS) or authorized Iranian classification institutions, as well as In terms of age restrictions also in accordance with the classification clause, it is considered a classified ship.
The insured sea transport must be carried out by a classified ship, otherwise the insurer is obliged to inform the insurer of the specifications of the ship or vessels in question before starting the transport and obtain the consent of the insurer. If the goods are transported by unclassified ship without informing the insurer, the insurer is obliged to notify the insurer immediately after the notification and accept the conditions and additional rates related to the transport of goods by unclassified ship.
In freight and transport insurance policies, the vehicle of which is a ship, the word “ship classified according to the attached clause” is mentioned in the text of the “insurance policy”.
Value added insurance
According to the general rules and conditions of the Cargo and Transportation Insurance Regulations, at the request of the “insurer”, the insured capital can be added for freight, non-profit and other costs. One of the tools for identifying the components that make up the value of the goods contained in the invoices for international shipments is the use of incoterms. For example, invoices issued under FOB terms do not include shipping costs.
However, in the case of non-profit, regardless of the conditions of Incoterms, if the “insurer” is applying for surplus value due to non-profit, he must add 10% to the insured capital.
Uniform Contracts for the Purchase and Sale of Goods (Incoterms)
Incoterms is a set of international regulations for the interpretation of common terms used in international trade to prevent the multiplicity of interpretations of these terms in different countries.
General losses:
One of the principles of the law of the sea is that all parties involved in a voyage shall have a proportionate share in any damage caused by the voluntary sacrifice of a part of the ship or its cargo in order to save it from an emergency.
Reinsurance:
Assignment agreement whereby the insurance company reinsures part of its insurance liabilities in excess of its financial and technical capacity with the company or other insurance companies (reinsurance companies).
Bill of lading:
The bill of lading is a securities issued by the Freight and Transportation Insurance Institute and the specifications of the goods, the name and address of the recipient and sender of the goods, the amount of freight, the specifications, the number and weight of the goods are stated in it. The bill of lading is a contract of carriage, a receipt for the goods and a document of ownership.
Total Loss:
Only the complete loss of the insured at one stage due to fire, drowning, plane crash. This “insurance” is valid only until it reaches the entry points of the destination country.
Real: That is, when the goods are completely destroyed, for example in the event of a fire or drowning.
Hypothetical: It is when the cost of repairing or renovating the goods is so much that it exceeds its real value. In this case, the insurer prefers to pay compensation.
Insured value:
If no special agreement has been reached between the insurer and the insurer, the insured value includes the total purchase price of the goods, shipping costs and non-profit.
Disadvantage:
The non-benefit of this “insurance” is equal to 10% of the total purchase price of the goods and their shipping costs ،, unless otherwise expressly agreed.
What is participation?
That is, carrying many times; This means that the insured goods are transported in several stages from the origin to the destination stated in the insurance policy.
What is Transshipment?
The transfer of goods from one vehicle to another is a transaction. This type of transportation is more common in combined transport, in which various vehicles such as ships, planes, trains, trucks, trailers and other means are used to send goods to the destination. Transmission flow is often accompanied by unloading and reloading and is in two forms of direct transmission and indirect transmission.
First of all, it is necessary to see the difference between a sea bill of lading and a domestic bill of lading or a multilateral cargo bill of lading. In a nutshell, the internal bill of lading:
(HOUSE B / L) or MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT B / L
It is exchanged between the cargo carrier and the customer, while the OCEAN B / L bill of lading is issued by the shipping line and for the cargo carrier, unless the cargo is involved and the customer goes directly to the line or the ship owner. B / L stands for BILL OF LANDING and means bill of lading and LADING means LOADING.
1-3- Maritime bill of lading: OCEAN BILL OF LADING (OBL)
1-1-3- OBL, by definition, is a bill of lading issued for shipping and is of two types.
Transit bill of lading (TRAMP) issued under a lease agreement (CHARTER).
Bill of lading related to the shipping line
In transit, the ship usually carries one or part of a full cargo, and the shipowner accepts the obligation contained in the ship’s lease, and as a result, Trump’s bill of lading oversees shipping by a liner. it does not work. In the case of shipping by the shipping line, the agreement to rent or store space on the ship is intended and confirms that the necessary place for the goods in question is provided and the bill of lading has terms and conditions that constitute the commitment and responsibility of the line. It is obvious that in this topic, the bill of lading is more important and will be examined in more detail.
2-1-3- Characteristics of the bill of lading
A bill of lading is a document that has been signed or signed by the carrier and indicates that the goods have been received or loaded, and according to this document, the carrier is obliged to inform the consignee of the goods delivered to the recipient or to Remittance or deliver to the person holding the bill of lading.
The bill of lading must contain a description of the nature and quantity of the goods, as well as the date and place of issuance of the bill of lading and the name of the sender. A bill of lading entitled “RECEIVED FOR SHIPMENT B / L”
Issued must indicate the place of receipt of the goods and the bill of lading indicating the loading of the goods by ship (SHIPPED ON BOARD B / L), must indicate the name and nationality of the ship and the place and date of loading.
The carrier is the shipping line and is the owner or manager of the ship. Therefore, the shipping line, the line representatives or the ship captain must sign the bill of lading. In the past, this was done in the same way, but today, when several bill of lading is issued for the cargo of a ship, it is not possible for the captain to sign them. Therefore, in the bill of lading, a sentence is inserted under the title “by the captain or by the owner / manager” and the line representative signs them by the captain and sometimes “only as a representative”. In French, the bill of lading is called CONNAISSMENT, which is derived from the Latin word “confirmation” and indicates that the level of receipt of goods on the ship and the obligation to carry it is approved. In other words, the revelation of the bill of lading was the captain’s certificate of receipt of the goods and his promise to transport it to the destination and oversee the existence of the goods or cargo for a consignee or remittance. The bill of lading is the most complete shipping document and its terms and conditions are universally accepted and have legal status.
Article 14- The customs value of the incoming goods in all cases is the value of the purchase price of the goods at the origin plus the cost of insurance and transportation (SAIF) in addition to other costs to which the goods are assigned until entering the first customs office. The purchase list or other delivery documents are determined by the owner of the goods and are based on the parity of the exchange rate announced by the Central Bank on the day of declaration.
note 1 :
In determining the customs value, the following items will be added in case of payment:
A- Intellectual property rights
B- Design and engineering costs in other countries
C- Containers and containers
D- Materials, parts and equipment used in the production of imported goods and provided by the buyer
E) Any part of the resale proceeds and divestiture proceeds attributed to the seller, directly or indirectly
Note 2:
If the customs value of the imported goods is different from the price stated in the submitted documents, it does not include the following costs or items:
Le- The cost of manufacturing, installing, assembling, maintaining or providing technical assistance for goods such as machinery, industrial machinery and equipment after their arrival
B- Shipping cost after arrival of goods
C- The cost of ordinary profit resulting from financing the purchase of imported goods by the seller or a third party
D. The cost of the buyer’s actions outside the terms of the transaction, such as marketing activities for the goods
E) The right of reproduction and domestic production of imported goods
C) The value or cost of the information and instructions recorded in the software or on information carriers such as diskettes, CDs and the like for use in computers; In these cases, the value of the raw carrier is calculated.
Note:
“Information and instructions” include audio, film, video recordings, commercial software, and “information carriers” including integrated circuits, semiconductors and similar devices are exempt from this provision.