First of all, it is necessary to see the difference between a sea bill of lading and a domestic bill of lading or a multilateral cargo bill of lading. In a nutshell, the internal bill of lading:
(HOUSE B / L) or MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT B / L
It is exchanged between the cargo carrier and the customer, while the OCEAN B / L bill of lading is issued by the shipping line and for the cargo carrier, unless the cargo is involved and the customer goes directly to the line or the ship owner. B / L stands for BILL OF LANDING and means bill of lading and LADING means LOADING.
1-3- Maritime bill of lading: OCEAN BILL OF LADING (OBL)
1-1-3- OBL, by definition, is a bill of lading issued for shipping and is of two types.
Transit bill of lading (TRAMP) issued under a lease agreement (CHARTER).
Bill of lading related to the shipping line
In transit, the ship usually carries one or part of a full cargo, and the shipowner accepts the obligation contained in the ship’s lease, and as a result, Trump’s bill of lading oversees shipping by a liner. it does not work. In the case of shipping by the shipping line, the agreement to rent or store space on the ship is intended and confirms that the necessary place for the goods in question is provided and the bill of lading has terms and conditions that constitute the commitment and responsibility of the line. It is obvious that in this topic, the bill of lading is more important and will be examined in more detail.
2-1-3- Characteristics of the bill of lading
A bill of lading is a document that has been signed or signed by the carrier and indicates that the goods have been received or loaded, and according to this document, the carrier is obliged to inform the consignee of the goods delivered to the recipient or to Remittance or deliver to the person holding the bill of lading.
The bill of lading must contain a description of the nature and quantity of the goods, as well as the date and place of issuance of the bill of lading and the name of the sender. A bill of lading entitled “RECEIVED FOR SHIPMENT B / L”
Issued must indicate the place of receipt of the goods and the bill of lading indicating the loading of the goods by ship (SHIPPED ON BOARD B / L), must indicate the name and nationality of the ship and the place and date of loading.
The carrier is the shipping line and is the owner or manager of the ship. Therefore, the shipping line, the line representatives or the ship captain must sign the bill of lading. In the past, this was done in the same way, but today, when several bill of lading is issued for the cargo of a ship, it is not possible for the captain to sign them. Therefore, in the bill of lading, a sentence is inserted under the title “by the captain or by the owner / manager” and the line representative signs them by the captain and sometimes “only as a representative”. In French, the bill of lading is called CONNAISSMENT, which is derived from the Latin word “confirmation” and indicates that the level of receipt of goods on the ship and the obligation to carry it is approved. In other words, the revelation of the bill of lading was the captain’s certificate of receipt of the goods and his promise to transport it to the destination and oversee the existence of the goods or cargo for a consignee or remittance. The bill of lading is the most complete shipping document and its terms and conditions are universally accepted and have legal status.
